Stimulant Addiction: What to Know

Stimulants represent a category of substances that influence the central nervous system, resulting in heightened levels of alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs are recognized for their ability to enhance mood, increase vigilance, and potentially improve cognitive function. Stimulants can be found in a range of forms, including both prescription medications and illegal drugs.

As suggested by their name, stimulants promote the release of specific neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, within the brain. These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating mood, focus, and energy. Upon consumption, stimulants elevate the concentrations of these neurotransmitters, leading to enhanced alertness, better concentration, and a feeling of increased vitality. Examples of common stimulants include:

• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Methamphetamines

All forms of amphetamines and methamphetamines carry a risk of misuse and abuse. This risk arises from the way these substances modify the brain’s chemistry, leading to increased dopamine levels that can induce feelings of euphoria. Consequently, individuals may start to depend on the drug to achieve a sense of well-being, manage adverse emotions, or improve their performance in professional or academic settings. Such dependence can swiftly escalate into drug addiction, characterized by an inability to function without the substance and the presence of severe cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

What are Amphetamines?

Amphetamines are a class II controlled substance approved by the FDA, that enhances the activity of the central nervous system and are used to treat a wide range of mental health conditions. Their origins trace back to the early 20th century, with their initial synthesis occurring during that period. The 1930s saw a surge in their popularity due to their stimulating effects, which included heightened alertness and increased energy levels. Furthermore, during World War II, these substances were administered to soldiers to alleviate fatigue and enhance performance, thereby contributing to their widespread acceptance.

In contemporary medicine, amphetamines are prescribed for various conditions, notably attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. These are presented in several over-the-counter drugs such as Ritalin, Adderall, and Vyvanse. Though they are medically approved, dosage and frequency require strict monetization by a trained medical professional.

While these compounds can offer therapeutic benefits for specific physical and mental health issues, they also carry a considerable risk of misuse and may be encountered in illegal forms.

What are Methamphetamines?

Methamphetamine, frequently known as meth, is a potent and highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It was synthesized in the early 20th century from its precursor, amphetamine, and was initially utilized in products such as nasal decongestants and bronchial inhalers.

In comparing amphetamine and methamphetamine, the primary distinction lies in their potency and potential for misuse. While methamphetamine shares a chemical structure with amphetamine, it produces more intense effects and carries a greater risk of abuse.

Moreover, methamphetamine is often misused as a recreational substance. When used improperly, it can be smoked, snorted, injected, or ingested in pill form. On the illicit market, meth typically appears as a white, odorless, and bitter-tasting crystalline powder that readily dissolves in water or alcohol.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Stimulant Addiction?

Recognizing the signs of stimulant addiction is essential for timely intervention and assistance. Although the specific indicators may differ among individuals, the following are some prevalent signs:

• Increased tolerance: A growing requirement for larger doses to attain the same effects.
• Withdrawal symptoms: The presence of physical and psychological symptoms when the substance is not being used.
• Neglecting responsibilities: Placing drug use above work, education, or other significant commitments.
• Decline in personal hygiene: A noticeable decline in personal grooming and cleanliness.
• Changes in social circles: Associating with new friends involved in drug use while distancing from non-using friends and family members.
• Lack of control: Frequently attempting to reduce or cease use but failing to do so.
• Engaging in risky behaviors: Participating in dangerous activities while under the influence, such as driving while impaired or engaging in unprotected sexual encounters.
• Legal issues: Encountering legal problems as a result of drug-related activities.
• Physical and mental health decline: Displaying physical symptoms such as weight loss, dental problems, and skin issues, along with mental health challenges like anxiety and paranoia.

Other signs of amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse include:

• Mood swings
• Weight loss
• Body aches
• Tremors
• Extreme tiredness
• Excessive anxiety or paranoia
• Dental decay
• Skin rashes/cuts
• Audible and visual hallucinations

Amphetamine abuse doesn’t occur without tell-tale indicators. Consult a medical professional if you or someone you love are exhibiting any of the following amphetamine addiction symptoms.